News Article
Re-tracking the transistor with integrated high-k/metal gate technology
To integrate new materials and processes in its gate structure to make chips faster and more power-efficient thus enabling Moore's Law to continue, Applied Materials, Inc. has unveiled new technologies to help achieve this by way of a new processes for building high-k/metal gate (HK/MG) structures in high volume production.
To integrate new materials and processes in its gate structure to make chips faster and more power-efficient thus enabling Moore's Law to continue, Applied Materials, Inc. has unveiled new technologies to help achieve this by way of a new processes for building high-k/metal gate (HK/MG) structures in high volume production.Starting at the 45nm node for logic chips, transistors are so small that conventional gate materials are no longer effective, allowing excessive current leakage that heats up the transistor and consumes excessive power. HK/MG structures can offer >100x reduction in gate leakage and significantly faster switching speed. To illustrate the energy savings, if all the microchips shipped in 2006 had used HK/MG technology, the total power saved(1) could provide electricity to over 4.5 million homes for a year. But using new HK/MG materials to make the transistor "cool" again solves only part of the problem. The real challenge is integrating these HK/MG materials into the device to create optimised gate structures having atomically-engineered interfaces with the performance needed for volume manufacturing."For years, integrating new gate materials has been viewed by our customers as the most formidable roadblock to scaling. We want to help them minimise this risk by providing integration-proven HK/MG technologies to make their transition faster," said Tom St. Dennis, senior vice president and general manager of Applied's Silicon Systems Group. "Applied has a strong history of helping customers integrate new materials into their process flow, most recently with the transition to low k dielectrics. Since we have the upstream and downstream technologies, we can optimise the process sequence and help customers successfully integrate HK/MG technology to fabricate their most advanced transistors."There are several approaches to manufacturing HK/MG structures and Applied has a solid lineup of systems that support customers' different approaches. Rather than providing just a high-k film, Applied delivers an integrated dielectric stack solution on a single Centura platform that combines four critical processes (high-k deposition, oxidation, nitridation and anneal). For the challenging metal gate stack, Applied uses ALD(atomic layer deposition) and PVD(physical vapour deposition) technologies to address a variety of customer designs. Applied's new high temperature etch technology delivers the critical profiles needed for production etching of HK/MG stacks. With 25nm defect sensitivity and automated FIB(focused ion beam), Applied's defect inspection, review and analysis systems accelerate critical defect and process learning for HK/MG structures.Applied characterised its HK/MG technology at its Maydan Technology Centre. Using the company's systems and technologies, Applied engineers successfully demonstrated and tested HK/MG structures for both logic and memory (charge trap Flash) devices down to the 22nm design node.(1) Estimate based on one year, 12-hour/day chip usage. For consumers this means longer-lasting batteries in laptops and more functionality in computers.
